The methodology of economics is global
Some writers express opinions that economics and the methodology of research in it are expressions of the values and culture of the West. This is inaccurate, rather it is closer to falsehood. Often the source of the error is a lack of objective and/or scientific consideration of the dispute. For example, it is often noted that these writers relied on theories said in certain circumstances, and they assumed that these theories represent the origin and method of science, or that they acquire the temporal and spatial permanence. Another example, many people have assumed that describing something as it is means defending it and desiring it.
The origins of economics and research methodology are global, not specific to the West. Below this article, I will list the most important ones. On the other hand, the basic principle in studying the economic factors affecting and relations is the predominance of the attribute of universality, meaning that it is not specific to an environment without an environment, or civilization without a civilization, or religion without religion. It is true that there are forces or factors that affect economic activity, which are factors based, for example, on prevailing customs or cultures, but the method of economic research in studying these factors does not reflect specific customs and cultures.
For example, the methodology of analyzing price movement in economics "such as using charts and mathematics to analyze supply and demand" does not change with a change in a specific habit or culture. What changes is the strength of each factor in the price movement? A factor may be added, and a factor neglected in the theoretical analysis and then supported. Or is it not supported by the applied standard work, which requires reconstruction and theoretical analysis, and this is what is left in scientific and economic research. Therefore, it is not correct to generalize: The science of economics does not consider the environments.
The previous saying confuses the methodology, approach, and tools of theoretical and applied analysis, which are suitable for every environment, which is often based on mathematics and statistics, with a specific theoretical construction, such as developing an econometric model to explain economic growth, or explaining the impact of government spending in a particular country, and as saying that the reason The rise of a commodity is such a factor, or the cause of unemployment "may be generalized or in a country" is such a factor. A theoretical and / or practical examination may reveal a defect in the origin of the theoretical construction or the given interpretation, and hence its need for modification. The work of the amendment requires a review of the nature of the causes and effects and how they interact with each other. All this is well known and well understood by those established in economics.
The previous problem does not only arise when environments change but even in a single environment. Every economist knows that there are differences among economists in interpreting some economic facts, even for a specific event and for a particular country, based on differences in understanding factors and causes and estimating the strength of their influence.
Rather, fields and specialized branches of economics have emerged that are based on taking into account the differences between the environments. An example is the existence of institutional economics, institutional economics, and a knowledge economy. In general, the methodology, means, and methods of economic research allow the development of disciplines and fields of specialization for specific environments, and this is a well-known core issue in economics.
Taking science gives you an opportunity to learn what has and is not related to the differences between cultures and societies. For the analogy, give an example. The design of our residential units, especially within them, is somewhat different than in the West. But we also know that the architectural design of housing, as taught to students in our universities, comes mostly from the West. However, this scientific acquisition does not prevent an understanding of the differences between us and Western culture in the desired design.
I conclude with a list of what I see as the most important assets and standards upon which economics is based, which are found among people. If found otherwise, it is rare, that is, unlike the original. These criteria or assets are not the science of economics itself, but the science of economics and its analyzes based on their presence in humans.
Desires have no limits, but resources have limits.
- Searching for interest.- the choice.
Almost nothing is free.
The role of specialization, exchange, and factors of production.
The role of markets, price, and quantity.
The role of the price system in the market.
The role of authorities, institutions, regulations, laws, and systems.
The cost and benefit that change with a change in production/sale or consumption.
The role of incentives.
Take advantage of the exchange.
- The role of competition.
The role and characteristics of money.
The preceding principles and criteria are not related to religion or geographic location. Its basis is two: the first is the fact that resources have limits, “in Paradise only has no limits, God made us among its people,” and the other is man’s love for the world or money, which is consistent with his saying - Glory be to Him - “and you love money with great love.” Therefore, the saying: that economics "as it is now and not during its inception" expresses the values of the West. Either it is incorrect or it lacks precision in the expression.